Biography Timeline 1919 The tax was equivalent to the difference between domestic and international oil prices, and the revenues were used to subsidize oil imports for Eastern refiners. [36] This cemented Trudeau's belief that Keynesian economics and social sciences were essential to the creation of the "good life" in a democratic society. The diplomat Marcel Cadieux accused Trudeau of being "ne semble pas croire du tout au danger sovitique". The Premier of oil-rich Alberta, Peter Lougheed, called the decision "the most discriminatory action taken by a federal government against a particular province in the entire history of Confederation." [126], In 197071, the Commonwealth was threatened with a split as a number of African Commonwealth nations supported by India denounced Britain's policy of selling arms to South Africa, which the British government argued was necessary because South Africa was one of the world's largest gold producers while the South African government was anti-Communist and pro-Western. When Canadas then-prime minister, Lester B. Pearson, announced his plans to retire in 1967, Trudeau campaigned for leadership of the Liberal Party. And since the future of Canadian federalism lies clearly in the direction of co-operation, the wise socialist will turn his thoughts in that direction, keeping in mind the importance of establishing buffer zones of joint sovereignty and co-operative zones of joint administration between the two levels of government[61], Trudeau pointed out that in sociological terms, Canada is inherently a federalist society, forming unique regional identities and priorities, and therefore a federalist model of spending and jurisdictional powers is most appropriate. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. In 2003, he was one of the highest-profile Canadian journalists covering the 2003 invasion of Iraq, producing a documentary film for the CTV program W5, Embedded In Baghdad. Trudeau II: Maverick in the Making (2005, with Stphane Demers as the young Pierre, and Tobie Pelletier as Trudeau in later years) portrays his earlier life. [194][195] Trudeau's strong personality, contempt for his opponents and distaste for compromise on many issues have made him, as historian Michael Bliss puts it, "one of the most admired and most disliked of all Canadian prime ministers". His election campaign benefited from an unprecedented wave of personal popularity called "Trudeaumania",[1][56][57] which saw Trudeau mobbed by throngs of youths. [131] Angola was amply endowed with oil, and many saw the victory of the MPLA/Cuban forces in the first round of the Angolan civil war in 197576 as a major blow to Western interests in Africa. He appointed Jean Chrtien as the nominal spokesman for the federal government, helping to push the "Non" cause to working-class voters who tuned out the intellectual Ryan and Trudeau. From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, Trudeau's personality dominated the political scene to an extent never before seen in Canadian political life. The Charter represented the final step in Trudeau's liberal vision of a fully independent Canada based on fundamental human rights and the protection of individual freedoms as well as those of linguistic and cultural minorities. [74], Trudeau faced increasing challenges in Quebec, starting with bitter relations with Bourassa and his Liberal government in Quebec. [135] A campaign tour featuring Trudeau's wife and infant sons was popular, and NDP supporters scared of wage controls moved toward the Liberals. [60] More controversial than the declaration (which was backed by the NDP and, with some opposition in caucus, the PCs) was the implementation of the Act's principles: between 1966 and 1976, the francophone proportion of the civil service and military doubled, causing alarm in some sections of anglophone Canada that they were being disadvantaged. [117], Trudeau established Canadian diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China before the United States did in 1979, and went on an official visit to Beijing. . Father Boulin, who was the head of the college, said that during Trudeau's seven years at the college (19331940), he had won a "hundred prizes and honourable mentions" and "performed with distinction in all fields". Trudeau's father Pierre Trudeau was Clark's successor as PM and held office between 1968 and 1979 and again from 1980 to 1984 - the third longest serving PM in Canadian history. Trudeau was ranked No.5 of the first 20 Prime Ministers of Canada (through Jean Chrtien in a survey of Canadian historians. This recognized that while Canada was a country of two official languages, it recognized a plurality of cultures "a multicultural policy within a bilingual framework". Trudeau remains well regarded by many Canadians. CBC Television. [100] Trudeau and Cadieux agreed to the compromise that Canada would stay in NATO, but drastically cut back its contributions, despite warnings from Ross Campbell, the Canadian member of the NATO Council, that the scale of the cuts envisioned would break Canada's treaty commitments. . [86], While popular with the electorate, Trudeau's promised minor reforms had little effect on the growing rate of inflation, and he struggled with conflicting advice on the crisis. Trudeau is the most recent prime minister to win four elections (having won three majority governments and one minority government) and to serve two non-consecutive terms. The coupling of the direct and indirect influences of the charter has meant that it has grown to influence every aspect of Canadian life and the override (notwithstanding clause) of the Charter has been infrequently used. As a result, Margaret felt trapped and bored in the marriage, feelings that were exacerbated by her bipolar depression, with which she was later diagnosed. [51], On January 4, 1973, Trudeau voted for a resolution in the House of Commons that condemned the American Christmas bombings against North Vietnam between 18 and 29 December 1972. At the meeting, Trudeau reached an agreement with nine of the premiers on patriating the constitution and implementing the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, with the caveat that Parliament and the provincial legislatures would have the ability to use a notwithstanding clause to protect some laws from judicial oversight. Trudeau actively supported the workers in the Asbestos Strike who opposed Duplessis in 1949. He had suffered from Parkinsons disease, but the official cause of death was prostate cancer. Trudeau's foreign policy included making Canada more independent; he patriated the Constitution and established the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, actions that achieved full Canadian sovereignty. His body has never been recovered. He is from Canada. [73] Negotiations with the provinces by Minister of Justice John Turner created a draft agreement, known as the Victoria Charter, that entrenched a charter of rights, bilingualism, and a guarantee of a veto of constitutional amendments for Ontario and Quebec, as well as regional vetoes for Western Canada and Atlantic Canada, within the new constitution. Adams, Annmarie and Cameron Macdonnell, "Making Himself At Home: Cormier, Trudeau and the Architecture of Domestic Masculinity," Winterthur Portfolio 50 No 2/3 (Summer/Autumn 2016): 15189. [166] The book sold hundreds of thousands of copies in several editions, and became one of the most successful Canadian books ever published. [112] To show his approval of Schmidt, Trudeau not only agreed to spend more on NATO, but insisted that the Canadian Army buy the German-built Leopard tanks, which thereby boosted the West German arms industry, over the opposition of the Finance department, which felt that buying the Leopard tanks was wasteful. This monumental act brought about new and widespread civil rights for all Canadians. In 1984, Trudeau was romantically involved with Margot Kidder (a Canadian actress famous for her role as Lois Lane in Superman: The Movie and its sequels) in the last months of his prime-ministership[184] and after leaving office.[185]. [119] On 10 October 1970, a statement was issued by the External Affairs department in Ottawa saying: "The Chinese government reaffirms that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China. Trudeau and two of his colleagues were invited to run for party seats. The Liberal caucus, along with friends and advisers persuaded Trudeau to stay on as leader and fight the election, with Trudeau's main impetus being the upcoming referendum on Quebec sovereignty. Trudeau's inheritance was worth around $1.2 million at the time, and his speaking fees garnered him more than $450,000 in his highest-earning year. Trudeau claimed in his speeches that giving Quebec the constitutional status of a "distinct society" would lead to the Quebec government deporting members of Quebec's English-speaking minority. He is ranked highly among scholars in rankings of Canadian prime ministers. [72], After consultations with the provincial premiers, Trudeau agreed to attend a conference called by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett to attempt to finally patriate the Canadian constitution. [148] The western provinces blamed the devastating oil bust of the 1980s on the NEP which led to what many termed "Western alienation". The first of these was the Jesuits who provided his education up to the college level. [94] As a diplomat, the devout Catholic Cadieux had served on the International Control Commission in 195455, where his experiences of witnessing the exodus of 2 million Vietnamese Catholics from North Vietnam to South Vietnam made him into a very firm anti-Communist. [158], In 1982, Trudeau succeeded in patriating the Constitution. He finally did so in 1979, only two months from the five-year limit provided under the British North America Act. Sarah Elisabeth Coyne was just 9 when her father, Pierre Elliott Trudeau died. Trudeau himself was elected in the safe Liberal riding of Mount Royal, in Montreal. Pierre Trudeau net worth is $100,000 Pierre Trudeau Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Pierre Trudeau was born on October 18, 1919 in Montral, Qubec, Canada as Joseph Phillipe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau. [123][122], During the Nigerian Civil War, Canada as a member of the Commonwealth was expected to take a stand on what was happening within a fellow Commonwealth nation. [95] In March 1969, Trudeau visited Washington to meet President Richard Nixon, where the meeting went very civilly, through Nixon came to intensely dislike Trudeau over time, referring to him in 1971 as "that asshole Trudeau" [96] Nixon made it clear to Trudeau that a Canada that remained in NATO would be taken more seriously in Washington than a Canada that left NATO. Aivalis, Christo. Trudeau chose the following jurists to be appointed as justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by the Governor General: According to Canadian protocol, as a former Prime Minister, he was styled "The Right Honourable" for life. The death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau took place in September 2000.Pierre Trudeau was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada, serving from 1968 to 1984, with a brief interruption in 1979-1980.Trudeau died on September 28, 2000. [58][59], Trudeau's first major legislative push was implementing the majority of recommendations of Pearson's Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism via the Official Languages Act, which made French and English the co-equal official languages of the federal government. Canada more than ever welcomed American investments during the "stagflation" (high inflation and high unemployment at the same time) that hurt both nations in the 1970s. Justin. Peoples may agree to share a single state while retaining substantial degrees of self-government over matters essential to their identity as peoples". In 1980, Chrtien was tasked with creating a constitutional settlement following the Quebec referendum in which Quebecers voted to remain in Canada.[147]. His letters of recommendations praised him highly. He is from Canada. [22] He wrote that in the early 1940s, when he was in his early twenties, he thought, "So there was a war? The Trudeau family can be traced to Marcillac-Lanville in France in the 16th century and to a Robert Truteau (15441589). [41] Although he was wealthy, Trudeau travelled with a back pack in "self-imposed hardship". Because of his labour union activities in Asbestos, Trudeau was blacklisted by Premier Duplessis and was unable to teach law at the Universit de Montral. [108] However, Trudeau was attached to the Commonwealth, believing it was an international body that allowed Canada to project influence in the Third World. Trudeau's paternal grandparents were French-speaking Quebec farmers. Until 1951 he worked in the Privy Council Office of the Liberal Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent as an economic policy advisor. [116] In July 1976 a Canadian-EEC Framework Economic Agreement was signed, which came into effect on 1 October 1976. Laporte was found dead on October 17 in the trunk of a car. Trudeau suppressed the 1970 Quebec terrorist crisis by controversially invoking the War Measures Act, the third and last time in Canadian history that the act was brought into force. [23] Trudeau described a speech he heard in Montreal by Ernest Lapointe,[24] minister of justice and Prime Minister William Mackenzie King's Quebec lieutenant. The Constitution Act, 1982, part of the Canada Act 1982, established the supremacy of the Constitution of Canada, which now could only be amended by the federal and provincial governments, under the amending formula established by the Constitution Act, 1982.[159]. Trudeau meditated regularly after being initiated into Transcendental Meditation by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. [54], Nevertheless, at the April 1968 Liberal leadership convention, Trudeau was elected leader on the fourth ballot, with the support of 51 percent of the delegates. She is the mother of Justin Trudeau; the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada, the journalist and author Alexandre . Another skein in Trudeau's spirituality was a contemplative aspect acquired from his association with the Benedictine tradition. [122] His action strained relations with the United States from President Ford, future President Carter and the press and subjected Canada to international condemnation and shame. . As a candidate Trudeau espoused participatory democracy as a means of making Canada a "Just Society". Peter Lougheed, then premier of Alberta, entered into tough negotiations with Trudeau and they reached a revenue-sharing agreement on energy in 1982. [171] He took retreats at Saint-Benot-du-Lac, Quebec and regularly attended Hours and the Eucharist at Montreal's Benedictine community. [188][unreliable source? He defended vigorously the newly implemented universal health care and regional development programmes, as well as the recent reforms found in the Omnibus bill. Estimated Net Worth. She married Pierre Trudeau, the 15th prime minister of Canada, in 1971; three years after he became prime minister.They divorced in 1984, during his final months in office. [32] At Harvard, an American and predominantly Protestant university, Trudeau who was French Catholic and was for the first time living outside the province of Quebec, felt like an outsider. He defeated several prominent and long-serving Liberals, including Paul Martin Sr., Robert Winters and Paul Hellyer.[55]. His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, became the 23rd and current prime minister, following the 2015 Canadian federal election; Justin Trudeau is the first prime minister of Canada to be a descendant of a former prime minister. [101] The way that Canada cut its NATO contributions by 50% caused tensions with other NATO allies with the British government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson making a public protest at the cuts. He was an acting professional and article writer, known for Le confort et l'indiffrence (1982), Le Qubec est au monde (1979) and 24 heures ou in addition (1977). His passing prompted. [181], The couple had three sons: the first two, 23rd and current Prime Minister Justin (born 1971), and Alexandre (born 1973), were both born on Christmas Day two years apart. It was the first of its kind in the world,[62] and was then emulated in several provinces, such as Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and other countries most notably Australia, which has had a similar history and immigration pattern. [151][152] In his budget speech, MacEachen said that the global oil price shocksin 1973 and again in 1979had caused a "sharp renewal of inflationary forces and real income losses" in Canada and in the industrial worldThey are not just Canadian problems they are world-wide problems. Trudeau died in 2000. Trudeau had an older sister and a younger brother, Suzette and Charles Jr. Trudeau's father died when Pierre was 15. Beyond the specifics of the policy itself, this action signalled an openness to the world and coincided with a more open immigration policy that had been brought in by Trudeau's predecessor Lester B. Pearson. The cause of his death is still debated. Despite his personal motto, "Reason before passion",[4] Trudeau's personality and policy decisions aroused polarizing reactions throughout Canada during his time in office. In January 1976, Trudeau visited Cuba to meet Castro and shouted to a crowd in Havana "Viva Cuba! In 1961, he joined the staff of the University of Montreal as a professor of constitutional law. His progressive values and his close ties with Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) intellectuals (including F. R. Scott, Eugene Forsey, Michael Kelway Oliver and Charles Taylor) led to his support of and membership in that federal democratic socialist party throughout the 1950s. Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons. [127], In contrast to South Africa, Trudeau was more forceful on the white supremacist government of Rhodesia (modern Zimbabwe), saying during a visit to Jamaica about the question of accepting white refugees from Rhodesia: "I'm certainly not panting to have this immigration movement take placeIf they're liberals, white liberals, they should stay and have nothing to fear after Rhodesian independence. "[15] As a teenager, he attended the Jesuit French-language Collge Jean-de-Brbeuf, a prestigious secondary school known for educating elite francophone families in Quebec. Michel Trudeau was killed in an avalanche in 1998, and Pierre Trudeau died of prostate cancer in 2000. [76], As the PQ began to take power, Trudeau faced the prolonged failure of his marriage, which was covered in lurid detail on a day-by-day basis by the English language press. In foreign affairs, Trudeau kept Canada in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), but often pursued an independent path in international relations. January 10, 2005. [19], Trudeau did not win the Rhodes Scholarship. His energetic campaign attracted widespread media attention and mobilized many young people, who saw Trudeau as a symbol of generational change. [192][unreliable source?]. While critics accused him of arrogance, of economic mismanagement, and of unduly centralizing Canadian decision-making to the detriment of the culture of Quebec and the economy of the Prairies,[5] admirers praised what they considered to be the force of his intellect[6] and his political acumen that maintained national unity over the Quebec sovereignty movement. He was disliked by the Qubcois nationalists. [99] The Defence Minister Lo Cadieux threatened to resign in protest if Canada did leave NATO, leading Trudeau who wanted to keep a French-Canadian in a high-profile portfolio such as the Defence department, to meet Cadieux on 2 April 1969 to discuss a possible compromise. The Paper proposed the general assimilation of First Nations into the Canadian body politic through the elimination of the Indian Act and Indian status, the parcelling of reserve land to private owners, and the elimination of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs. Maclean's 1997 and 2011 scholarly surveys ranked him twice as the fifth best Canadian prime minister, and in 2016, the fourth best. Following his graduation, Trudeau articled for a year and, in the fall of 1944, began his master's in political economy at Harvard University's Graduate School of Public Administration (now the John F. Kennedy School of Government). [157] By the time Trudeau left office in 1984, the budget deficit was at a whopping $37 billion (fiscal year 19841985). [127] At a Commonwealth summit in Singapore between 14 and 22 January 1971, Trudeau argued that apartheid was not sustainable in the long run given that the black population of South Africa vastly outnumbered the white population, and it was extremely myopic for Britain to be supporting South Africa, given that majority rule in South Africa was inevitable. Pierre Trudeau was born on October 18, 1919, and raised in the wealthy Montreal suburb of Outremont. Bilingualism is one of Trudeau's most lasting accomplishments, having been fully integrated into the Federal government's services, documents, and broadcasting (though not, however, in provincial governments, except for full bilingualism in New Brunswick and some French language service rights in Ontario and Manitoba).